Random number generation Random numbers are used in a plethora of cryptographic applications. A random number generator (RNG) is a device that generates a sequence of numbers such that they can not be predicted better than guessing. There are two different types of random number generators — pseudo-random number generators (PRNGs) and true random number generators (TRNGs). A PRNG is a deterministic algorithm that produces seemingly random numbers. It needs a seed as an initial value, and will produce the same “random” sequence for a fixed seed. Applications such as games, simulations, and cryptography use such generators. A TRNG is a device that generates truly random numbers. In contrast to a deterministic algorithm, a TRNG utilizes physical processes, such as thermal noise (utilized in the RPG100 circuit), quantum phenomena, and so on. A PRNG is much faster than a TRNG, hence it is common to generate a seed using a…